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horak.
Attorneys at Law Hannover
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Georgstr. 48
30159 Hannover (Headquarter)
Germany
Fon +49 511.35 73 56-0
Fax +49 511.35 73 56-29
info@patent-filer.com
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horak.
Attorneys at Law Berlin
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Wittestra脽e 30 K
13509 Berlin
Germany
Fon +49 30.403 66 69-00
Fax +49 30.403 66 69-09
berlin@patent-filer.com
 
horak.
Attorneys at Law Bielefeld
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Herforder Str. 69
33602 Bielefeld
Germany
Fon +49 521.43 06 06-60
Fax +49 521.43 06 06-69
bielefeld@patent-filer.com
 
horak.
Attorneys at Law Bremen
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Parkallee 117
28209 Bremen
Germany
Fon +49 421.33 11 12-90
Fax +49 421.33 11 12-99
bremen@patent-filer.com
 
horak.
Attorneys at Law D眉sseldorf
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Grafenberger Allee 293
40237 D眉sseldorf
Germany
Fon +49 211.97 26 95-00
Fax +49 211.97 26 95-09
duesseldorf@patent-filer.com
 
horak.
Attorneys at Law Frankfurt/ Main
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Alfred-Herrhausen-Allee 3-5
65760 Frankfurt-Eschborn
Germany
Fon +49 69.380 79 74-20
Fax +49 69.380 79 74-29
frankfurt@patent-filer.com
 
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Attorneys at Law Hamburg
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Colonnaden 5
20354 Hamburg
Germany
Fon +49 40.882 15 83-10
Fax +49 40.882 15 83-19
hamburg@patent-filer.com
 

horak.
Attorneys at Law LEIPZIG
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Friedrich-List-Platz 1
04103 Leipzig
Germany

Fon 0341.98 99 45-50
Fax 0341.98 99 45-59
leipzig@patent-filer.com 

 
horak. 
Attorneys at Law Munich
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Landsberger Str. 155
80687 Munich
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Fon +49 89.250 07 90-50
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munich@patent-filer.com 
 
horak.
Attorneys at Law Stuttgart
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K枚nigstra脽e 80
70173 Stuttgart
Germany
Fon +49 711.99 58 55-90
Fax +49 711.99 58 55-99
stuttgart@patent-filer.com
 

 

Patent application and Patent Language

The language used in patent applications follows a specific structure and terminology designed for precision, clarity, and legal enforceability. This "patent language" is governed by international and national legal standards. Below is a detailed explanation of its structure, components, and related legal aspects, along with examples and relevant case law references.


1. Structure and Components of a Patent Application

A patent application typically consists of the following parts:

1.1 Patent Claims

  • Purpose: Define the legal scope of protection. Only what is explicitly stated in the claims is protected.
  • Structure:
    • Preamble: General description of the technical solution.
    • Characterizing Part: Novel features distinguishing the invention from prior art.
  • Formal Requirements:
    • Clarity and precision.
    • Unity of invention (one invention per application).
    • Positive phrasing (e.g., "comprising" instead of "not consisting of").

Example:
“A device for storing data, comprising:

  • a memory module,
  • a power source driving the memory module, and
  • a control unit for processing the data.”

1.2 Patent Description

  • Purpose: Explains the invention in detail and supports the claims.
  • Structure:
    1. Technical Field: Area of technology related to the invention.
    2. Background Art: Prior art and existing technical problems.
    3. Disclosure of the Invention: Key aspects and benefits of the invention.
    4. Embodiments: Detailed examples, often referencing figures.
    5. Link to Claims: Connecting technical features to specific claims.

1.3 Abstract

  • Purpose: A concise summary of the invention, limited to 150 words, used for patent database searches.
  • Content: Key features and benefits.

1.4 Drawings

  • Purpose: Visual representation of the invention to aid understanding.
  • Requirements:
    • Clear and simple illustrations.
    • Referenced in the description.
  • Format: Typically black-and-white line drawings.


2. Formal Requirements for a Patent Application

  • Language: Clear, precise, and legally sound formulations.

  • Documents:

    • Patent application form.
    • Description of the invention.
    • Patent claims.
    • Abstract.
    • Drawings (if necessary).
  • Optional Documents:

    • Additional Claims: Alternative embodiments or uses.
    • Priority Documents: Required if claiming priority from an earlier application.
  • Document Length:

    • Description: Typically 10–50 pages, depending on complexity.
    • Claims: Usually 1–20 claims (more for complex inventions).
    • Drawings: Varies depending on the invention.


3. Relevant Court Decisions

3.1 German Federal Court of Justice (BGH), X ZR 120/15 (“Pemetrexed Decision”)

  • Issue: Scope of patent claims.
  • Decision: Implicit features can extend the scope of protection if they are clear to a skilled person.

3.2 German Federal Court of Justice (BGH), X ZR 161/12 (“Heat Exchanger”)

  • Issue: Requirements for clarity in patent claims.
  • Key Ruling: Claims must be formulated so that they are immediately understandable to a skilled person.


4. Alternatives to Traditional Patent Applications

  • Utility Models: Faster registration process, but shorter protection duration and narrower scope.
  • Disclosure Publications: Public disclosure without patent grant, serving as a foundation for later patents.
  • Copyright or Trade Secrets: Protecting software or processes without filing an application.


5. Future Developments

  • AI-Generated Patent Claims: Leveraging AI to create precise and comprehensive patent claims.
  • Global Harmonization: Standardizing formats and requirements under agreements like the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).
  • Digital Innovations: Incorporating 3D models and interactive representations into patent applications.


This structured approach ensures that patent applications comply with legal requirements, providing a robust basis for enforcing intellectual property rights.

 

 

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